Go: how to use WebRTC

WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that allows real-time communication, such as video conferencing and data exchange, directly in the browser without the need for additional plugins. In this article, we will explore how to use WebRTC in Go, a powerful and versatile programming language, to build real-time communications applications.

What is WebRTC?

WebRTC is a technology that enables peer-to-peer audio, video and data communication between web browsers and applications. It is supported by all major browsers, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edge. WebRTC eliminates the need for third-party software for real-time communications, offering a native and secure solution.

Using WebRTC in Go

To use WebRTC in Go, we can rely on third-party libraries that provide a Go interface for WebRTC features. One of the most popular libraries is pion/webrtc, a pure Go library for WebRTC.

Here are the main steps to use WebRTC in Go:

1. Adding the pion/webrtc library to your project

You can add the pion/webrtc library to your Go project using the go get dependency manager:

go get github.com/pion/webrtc/v3

2. Creating a WebRTC connection

Now you can start using the pion/webrtc library to create a WebRTC connection. Here's a basic example:

package main

import (
     "github.com/pion/webrtc/v3"
)

func main() {
     // Set up a new peer connection
     config := webrtc.Configuration{}
     peerConnection, err := webrtc.NewPeerConnection(config)
     if err != nil {
         panic(err)
     }

     // Add a data channel
     dataChannel, err := peerConnection.CreateDataChannel("myDataChannel", nil)
     if err != nil {
         panic(err)
     }

     // Handle data channel events
     dataChannel.OnOpen(func() {
         // The data channel has been opened
     })

     dataChannel.OnMessage(func(msg webrtc.DataChannelMessage) {
         // Manage messages received on the data channel
     })

     // Start offer negotiation
     offer, err := peerConnection.CreateOffer(nil)
     if err != nil {
         panic(err)
     }
     err = peerConnection.SetLocalDescription(offer)
     if err != nil {
         panic(err)
     }

     // Broadcast the offer to another peer...
}

This code creates a peer-to-peer connection using WebRTC and creates a data channel through which messages can be sent and received.

3. Exchange of signals

To establish a WebRTC connection between two peers, you must implement a mechanism for exchanging session signals, such as offers and answers, along with ICE candidates. You can use a reporting server to manage this exchange.

4. Event management

It is important to correctly handle events during WebRTC communication. For example, you can manage events such as opening data channels, receiving messages, connecting peers, etc.

Conclusions

In this article, we explored how to use WebRTC in Go to build real-time communication applications. We have seen how to set up a development environment, add the pion/webrtc library to the Go project, create a WebRTC connection, manage the exchange of signals and manage events during communication. With this basic knowledge, you're ready to start building your own WebRTC applications in Go.